|
|
methods
Eric Arnould (EARNOULD@BSN01.BSN.USF.EDU)
Fri, 13 Jan 1995 10:04:05 EDT
Office Hours: TTH 11:00-12:00pm T: 1-2:00pm
Office: BSN 3525
Phone: (813) 974-4946
Class Time: TH 2-4:50pm (tentative)
Class Room: BSN 3534 (Behavioral Learning Lab)
The purpose of the seminar is to introduce students to the philosophy of science, theoretical,
strategic, and methodological dimensions of qualitative data. Students will read in the
foundational disciplines (anthropology and sociology) as well as applications in business. Books,
articles, and how-to volumes in the Sage Publications series will be assigned. The course will
focus on workbench issues, enabling students to experience first hand the complexities and
delights of the research process. Helping students understand what data to collect, when to
collect it, how to collect it, and what to do with it once they've got it are central aims of the
seminar. Key techniques employing both interviewing and observational procedures of data
collection will be explored. Students will collect their own data, and work with existing data
bases. Students are encouraged to develop research instruments and collect data germane to
dissertation, thesis, or other research projects. This course is designed as a complement to other
graduate courses in theory construction, research design, and data analysis.
Class sessions will include discussion and laboratory formats. Consistent with an advanced
graduate seminar students will be expected to take an active part in each class by presenting
materials, critically evaluating required readings, and learning by interacting with others in the
class and by doing. Students will have the opportunity to coordinate discussion sections and
labs.
Text
The following outstanding, new text will anchor our readings in the course:
Denzin, Norma K. and Yvonna S. Lincoln, eds., (1994), Handbook of Qualitative Research,
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
We will also make use of
McCracken, Grant, 1988, The Long Interview, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Kreuger, Richard A., 1988, Focus Groups: A Practice Guide for Applied Research, Newbury
Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Copies of the Denzin and Lincoln text will be on sale from the instructor for a special seminar
price. In addition to this text, numerous readings will be drawn from other works in the
foundational disciplines, marketing, management, etc. Students are encouraged to purchase
materials drawn from the Sage series in Qualitative Research Methods.
Organization
The course will be roughly organized into four units. The first will focus on the philosophy of
science issues that pertain to the collection and analysis of qualitative data. While these issues
will never be far from our concerns throughout the course, in the next two units of the course,
we will be more focused on workbench issues. Thus, in the second part of the course, we will
concentrate on the collection of verbal/textual data. Then, in the third part of the course, we
will turn our attention to observational data. Finally, in the fourth part of the course we will
turn to issues of interpretation and representation of qualitative data in academic and applied
settings.
Requirements
Students should have access to a tape recorder, and camera to conduct field assignments. Access
to a computerized word processor is a necessity since data analysis will require some computing
Your grade will be based upon upon the following.
Evaluation
Exam There will be a cumulative final exam (60 points). The examination will be essay
based.
Written work A series of research reports are required (5 @ 50 points each = 250
points). These reports will be 5-15 pages long. These reports will include both research
results as well as diary entries describing the experience of conducting research.
Evaluation is partly based upon clear organization and writing. These papers will be
built upon guided data collection and/or library research. Guidelines for paper topics
will be discussed in class and suggestions made. Please note that legible English prose
is required on written work. Using a standard manual of style, a Thesauraus, and/or a
Dictionary can help. I will count off for consistent errors of English usage and stylistic
conventions although due allowance will be made for non-native speakers of English.
Papers are to be turned in on time. Points will be lost for late work.
Summary of Written Assigments
1/ New Year's Eve/Day
2/ Depth Interview
3/ Focus Group (group project)
4/ Participant Observation
5/ Analysis & Interpretation
Oral work Class room participation, that is, your comprehension of course material,
and your ability to creatively and convincingly support your point of view with data
counts (20 points). Students will be assigned specific reading responsibilities and should
come to class prepared to report on them to their classmates (20 points). Each student
will serve as discussion coordinator for one class session. As coordinator, the student
will:
a. Provide a brief overview of his/her perspective.
b. Facilitate a class-wide discussion of observations, interpretations, questions and
comments.
c. Promote a shared search for conclusions and implications.
Many sessions will have a similar structure. First, the outcomes of previous assigments,
experiences and findings, will be discussed. Second, readings will be summarized and
critiqued. Finally, suggestions for development of subsequent research activities will be
offered.
Summary
Exam 60
Written Work 250
Class Coordination 20
Oral Participation 20
TOTAL 350
Tentative Course Outline
January 12, 1994 Session 1: Organizational Meeting
January 19, 1994 Session 2: Philosophy of Science Issues
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 6
Geertz, Clifford, 1973, "Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of
Culture," The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, 3-32.
Glaser, Barney G. and Anselm L. Strauss, 1967, The Discovery of Grounded
Theory, Chicago: Aldine, pp. 1-21.
Application: Geertz, Clifford, 1973, "Deep Play: Notes on a Balinese Cockfight," The
Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, 412-454.
Arnould, Eric J., 1989, "Toward a Broadened Theory of Preference Formation
and the Diffusion of Innovations: Cases from Zinder Province, Niger Republic,"
Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (September), 239-267.
Background: Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann (1967), The Social Construction of Reality,
New York: Penguin Books.
Foucault, Michel, 1972, The Archaeology of Knowledge, New York: Pantheon
Books.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 1975, Truth and Method, New York: Seabury Press.
Heidegger, Martin, 1977, The Question Concerning Technology and Other
Essays, New York: Garland Publications.
Richard A. Shweder (1986), "Divergent Rationalities," in MetaTheory in Social
Science: Pluralisms and Subjectivities, eds., Donald W. Fiske and Richard A.
Shweder, 163-196.
Additional: Denzin, Norman K., 1984, The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to
Sociological Methods, Chicago: Aldine.
Denzin, Norman K., 1989, Interpretive Interactionism, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Publications.
Jackson, Michael, 1989, Paths Toward A Clearing: Radical Empricism and
Ethnographic Inquiry, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Lincoln, Yvonna S., and Egon G. Guba, 1985, "Postpositivism and the
Naturalist Paradigm," Naturalistic Inquiry, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Publications,14-46.
Ruby, Jay, ed., 1982, A Crack in the Mirror, Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press.
Out Front: Tyler, Stephen, 1987, The Unspeakable: Discourse, Dialogue and Rhetoric in the
Postmodern World, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
January 26, 1994 Session 3: Philosophy of Science Issues
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapters 7 & 8
Sherry, John F., Jr., 1991, "Postmodern Alternatives: The Interpretive Turn in
Consumer Research," Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Thomas Robertson and
Harold Kassarjian, eds., New York: Prentice Hall, 548-591.
Application: Arnould, Eric J. and Linda L. Price (1993), "'River Magic': Hedonic
Consumption and the Extended Service Encounter," Journal of Consumer
Research, 19 (June).
Belk, Russell W., John F. Sherry, Jr. and Melanie Wallendorf (1988), "A
Naturalistic Inquiry into Buyer and Seller Behavior at a Swap Meet," Journal of
Consumer Research, 14 (March), 449-470.
Additional: Traweek, Sharon, 1988, "Discovering Machines: Nature in the Age of Its
Mechanical Reproduction," Making Time: Ethnographies of High-Technology
Organizations, Rank A. Dubinskas, ed., Philadelphia: Temple University Press,
39-91.
Background: Anderson, Paul F. (1986), "On Method in Consumer Research: A Critical-
Relativist Perspective," Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (September), 155-173.
Anderson, Paul F. (1988), "Relative to What--That is the Question: A Reply to
Seigel," Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (June), 133-137.
Belk, Russell W., 1987, "A Modest Proposal for Creating Verisimilitude in
Consumer-Information-Processing Models and Some Suggestions for Establishing
a Discipline to Study Consumer Behavior," Philosophical and Radical Thought
in Marketing, A. Fuat Firat, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Richard A. Bagozzi, eds.,
Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 361-372.
Hirschman, Elizabeth C. (1986), "Humanistic Inquiry in Marketing Research:
Philosophy, Method and Criteria," Journal of Marketing Research, 23 (August),
237-249.
Hirschman, Elizabeth and Morris B. Holbrook (1992), Postmodern Consumer
Research: The Study of Consumption as Text. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Publications.
Holbrook, Morris and John O'Shaughnessy (1988), "On the Scientific Status of
Consumer Research and the Need for an Interpretive Approach to Studying
Consumption Behavior," Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (3) 398-402.
Hudson, Laurel Anderson and Julie L. Ozanne (1988) "Alternative Ways of
Seeking Knowledge in Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research, 14
(March), 508-521.
Lutz, Richard J. (1989), "Presidential Address-- Positivism, Naturalism and
Pluralism in Consumer Research: Paradigms in Paradise," in Advances in
Consumer Research, Vol. 16, ed. Thomas Srull, Ann Arbor, MI: Association
for Consumer Research, 1-8.
Peter, J. Paul and Jerry C. Olson, 1989,"The Relativistic/Constructionist
Perspective on Knolwedge ansd Consumer Research," Interpretive Consumer
Research, Elizabeth C. Hirschman, ed., Provo, UT: Association for Consumer
Research, 24-28.
Seigel, Harvey (1988), "Relativism for Consumer Research (Comments on
Anderson), Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (June), 129-132.
February 2, 1994 Session 4: Methodological Issues
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapters 9, 10
Weller, Susan C. and A. Kimball Romney, 1988, Systematic Data Collection,
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 15-59.
Wallendorf, Melanie and Russell Belk (1989), "Assessing Trustworthiness in
Naturalistic Consumer Research," Interpretive Consumer Research, Elizabeth C.
Hirschman, ed., Provo: UT: Association for Consumer Research, 69-84.
Application: Mintzberg, Henry, 1983, "An Emerging Strategy of 'Direct' Research,"
Qualitative Methodology, John van Maanen, ed., Newbury Park, CA: Sage 9-18.
Pettigrew, Andrew M., 1983, "On Studying Organizational Culture," Qualitative
Methodology, John van Maanen, ed., Newbury Park, CA: Sage 9-18.
Background: Kirk, Jerome and Marc L. Miller, 1986, Reliability and Validitiy in Qualitative
Research, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Marshall, Catherine and Gretchen B. Rossman, 1995, Designing Qualitative
Research, 2nd edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Warren, Carol A. B., 1988, Gender Issues in Field Research, Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.
February 9, 1994 Session 5: Collecting Verbal Data
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapter 22
McCracken, Grant, 1988, The Long Interview, Newbury PArk, CA: Sage
Publications.
Thompson, Craig J., William B. Locander and Howard R. Pollio (1989), "Putting
Consumer Experience Back Into Consumer Research: The Philosophy and
Method of Existential-Phenomenology," Journal of Consumer Research, 16
(September), 133-146.
Application: Blair, Ed, Seymour Sudman, Norman M. Bradburn, and Carol Stocking, 1977,
"How to Ask Questions About Drinking and Sex: Response effects in Measuring
Consumer Behavior," Journal of Marketing Research, 14 (August), 316-321.
McCracken, Grant, 1987, "'Homeyness': A Cultural Account of One
Constellation of Consumer Goods and Meanings," Interpretive Consumer
Research, Elizabeth Hirschman, ed.,
Thompson, Craig J., Howard R. Pollio, and William B. Locander (1989), "The
Spoken and the Unspoken: A Hermenutic Approach to Understanding the Cultural
Viewpoints that Underlie Consumers' Expressed Meanings," Journal of Consumer
Research, 21 (December), 432-452.
Background: Briggs, Charles L. 1986), Learning How To Ask: A Sociolinguistic Appraisal of
the Role of of the Interview in Social Science Research, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Gordon, R. L., 1975, Interviewing: Strategy, Techniques, and Tactics,
Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
Hyman, H.H. and W. J. Cobb, 1975, Interviewing in Social Research, Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Merton, R.K., and M. Fiske, and P.L. Kendall, 1956, The Focused Interview:
A Manual of Problems and Procedures, Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Moustakas, Clark, 1994, Phenomenological Research Methods, Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.
Psathas, George, 1995, Conversational Analysis: The Study of Talk-in-
Interaction, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Spradley, J. P., 1979, The Ethnographic Interview, New York: Holt Rinehart and
Winston.
Sudman, Seymour and N. M. Bradburn, 1974, Asking Questions, San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass.
Whyte, William Foote, 1960, "Interviewing in Field Research," Human
Organization Research, Richard N. Adams, and Jack J. Preiss, eds., Homewood,
IL: Dorsey Press, 352-374.
Out Front: Hoopes, James, 1979, Oral History: An Introduction for Students, Chapell Hill,
NC: University of North Carolina Press.
February 16, 1994 Session 6: Depth Interviewing
Presentation and Discussion of Depth Interview Materials. Students will make
available transcripts of depth interviews for the group.
February 23, 1994 Session 7: Collective Verbal Data
Required
Readings: Kreuger, Focus Groups
Additional: Morgan, David L., and Richard A. Krueger, 1993, "When to Use Focus Groups
and Why," Successful Focus Groups, David L. Morgan, ed., Newbury Park, CA:
Sage Publications, 3-19.
Frey, James H. and Andrea Fontana, 1993, "The Design and Analysis of Focus
Group Studies: A Practical Approach," Successful Focus Groups, David L.
Morgan, ed., Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 20-34.
Knodel, John, 1993, "The Design and Analysis of Focus Group Studies: A
Practical Approach," Successful Focus Groups, David L. Morgan, ed., Newbury
Park, CA: Sage Publications, 35-51.
March 2, 1994 Session 8: Focus Groups
Presentation and Discussion of Focus Group Materials. Students will make available
transcripts of depth interviews and focus group scripts for the group.
March 9, 1994 Session 9: Observational Data Collection
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapter 23 & 25
Bakeman, Roger and John M. Gottman, 1986, Observing Interaction: An
Introduction to Sequential Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.
19-69.
Werner, Oswald and B. Mark Schoepfle, 1987, Systematic Fieldwork:
Foundations of Ethnography and Interviewing, vol. 1, Newbury Park: Sage
Publications, pp 257-273.
Whiting, Beatrice and John Whiting (1970), "Methods for Observing and
Recording Behavior, A Handbook of Method in Cultural Anthropology, Raoull
Naroll and Ronald Cohen, eds., Garden City, NY: The Natural History Press,
282-315.
Application: Stunkard, A. and D. Kaplan, 1977, "Eating in Public Places: A Review of
Reports of the Direct Observation of Eating Behavior," International Journal of
Obesity, 1, 89-101.
Background: Abraham Kaplan, 1963 The Conduct of Inquiry, New York: Harper and Row,
pp. 126-143.
Fassnacht, G., 1982, Theory and Practice of Observing Behavior, New York:
Academic Press.
Guest, Robert H., 1960, "Categories of Events in Field Observations," Human
Organization Research, Richard N. Adams, and Jack J. Preiss, eds., Homewood,
IL: Dorsey Press, 225-239.
Hall, Edward T., 1963, "A System of Notation of Proxemic Behavior," American
Anthropologist, 65, 1003-1026.
Hutt, S. J. and C. Hutt, 1979, Direct Observaton and Measurement of Behavior,
Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Kent, R. N., and S. N. Foster, 1986, "Direct Observational Procedures:
Methodological Issues in Naturalistic Settings," Handbook of Behavioral
Assessment, A. R. Ciminero, et al., eds., New York: John Wiley.
Lofland, J., 1971, Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation,
Belmont. CA: Wadsworth.
Longabaugh, R, 1980, "The Systematic Observation of Behavor in Naturalistic
Settings," Handbook of Cross-cultual Psychology, vol. 2, H. C. Triandis an J.
W. Berry, eds., Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Webb, Eugene J., Donald T. Campbell, Richard D. Schwarz, Lee Sechredt,
1966, Unobtrusive Measures: Nonreactive Research in the Social Sciences,
Chicago: Rand McNally.
March 23, 1994 Session 10: Participant Observation
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapters 15 & 20
Background: Becker, Howard S. and Blanche Geer, 1960, ""Participant Observation: The
Analysis of Qualitative Field Data," Human Organization Research, Richard N.
Adams, and Jack J. Preiss, eds., Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press, 267-289.
Bogdan, R., 1972, Participant Observation in Organizational Settings, Syracuse,
NY: Syracuse University Press.
Geertz, Clifford (1976), "From the Natives' Point of View: On the Nature of
Anthropological Understanding," Meaning In Anthropology, eds. K. Basso and
H. Selby, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 221-38.
Smith, Carolyn D. and William Kornblum, 1989, In the Field: Readings osn the
Field Research Experience, New York: Praeger.
Spindler, George D. ed., 1970, Being an Anthropologist: Fieldwork in Eleven
Cultures, New York: Holt, Rinehard and Winston, Inc.
Spradley, J. P., 1981, Participant Observation, New York: Holt Rinehart and
Winston.
Schwartzman, Helen B., 1993, Ethnography in Organizations, Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.
Out Front: Sanjek, Roger, ed., (1990), Fieldnotes, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
March 30, 1994 Session 11: Participant Observation/ Ethnography
Required
Readings: Sanday, Peggy (1979), "The Ethnographic Paradigms," Administrative Science
Quarterly, 24 (December), 528-538.
Application: Hill, Ronald Paul and Mark Stamey, 1990, "The Homeless in America: An
Examination of Possessions and Consumption Behaviors," Journal of Consumer
Research, 17 (December), 303-321.
Hill, Ronald Paul 1991, "Homeless Women, Special Possessions, and the
Meaning of 'Home': An Ethnographic Case Study," Journal of Consumer
Research, 18 (December), 298-310.
Penaloza, Lisa (1994), "Atravesando Fronteras/ Border Crossings: A Critical
Ethnographic Exploration of the Consumer Acculturation of Mexican
Immigrants," Journal of Consumer Research, 21 (June), 32-54.
Schouten, John W., and James H. McAlexander, 1993, "Market Impact of a
Consumption Subculture: The Harley Davidson Mystique," European Advances
in Consumer Research,vol. 1, W. Fred van Raaij and Gary J. Bamossy, eds.,
Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 389-393.
Wallendorf, Melanie and Eric J. Arnould (1991), "We Gather Together":
Consumption Rituals of Thanksgiving Day," Journal of Consumer Research, 18
(June), 13-31.
Background: Thomas, Jim, 1993, Doing Critical Ethnography, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
Additional: Spradley, James P. and Brenda J. Mann, 1975, The Cocktail Waitress, New
York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Kunda, Gideon, 1992, Engineering Culture: Control and Commitment in a High-
Tech Corporation, Philadelphia: Temple University Press
Thomas, Robert J., 1992, "Organizational Politics and Technological Change,"
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 20 (January), 442-447.
Out Front: Putnam, Linda L. (1993), "Ethnography Versus Critical Theory," Journal of
Management Inquiry, 2 (September), 221-235.
Atkinson, Paul (1990), The Ethnographic Imagination: Textual Constuctons of
Reality, London: Routledge.
April 6, 1994 Session 12: Interpretation
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapters 16, 17
Spiggle, Susan (1994), "Analysis and Interpretation of Qualitative Data in
Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, 21 (December), 491-503.
Mick, David Glen, 1986, "Consumer Research and Semiotics: Exploring the
Morphology of Symbols, and Signifiance," Journal of Consumer Research, 13
(September), 196-213.
Application: Arnould, Eric J. and Melanie Wallendorf (1994), "Market-Oriented
Ethnography," Journal of Marketing Research, (November),
Flock, Jean-Marie, 1988, "The Contribution of Structural Semiotics to the Design
of a Hypermarket," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 4 (3), 233-
252.
Background: Denzin, Norman K. (1989), "The Interpretive Process," Interpretive
Interactionism, Sage Publications, 48-65.
Strauss, Anselm and Juliet Corbin (1990), Basics of Qualitative Research:
Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Miles, Matthew B. and A. Michael Huberman, 1994, Qualitative Data Analysis,
2nd edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 50-76.
Miles, Matthew B. and A. Michael Huberman, 1994, Qualitative Data Analysis,
2nd edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 245-276.
Out Front: Fielding, N.G., and R. M. Lee eds., (1992), Using Computers in Qualitative
Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Tesch, Renata (1990), Qualitative Research: Analysis Types and Software Tools,
New York: Falmer.
April 13, 1994 Session 13: Interpretation
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapter 27, 28, 29, 30
Application: Stern, Barbara (1989), "Literary Criticism and Consumer Research: Overview
and Illustrative Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (december), 322-
334.
Stern, Barbara (1990), "Other-Speak: Clasical Allegory and Contemporary
Advertising," Journal of Advertising, 19 (32), 14-26.
Background: Agar, Michael H., 1986, Speaking of Ethnography, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Publications.
Carney, T. F., 1972, Content Analysis: A Technique for Systematic Inference
From Communications, Winnipeg: Universitry of Manitoba Press.
Moerman, Michael, 1988, Talking Culture: Ethnography and Conversation
Analysis, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Psathas, George, 1995, Conversation Analysis: The Study of Talk-in-Interaction,
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Silverman, David, 1993, Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analyzing
Talk, Text, and Interaction, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Tedlock, Dennis, 1983, The Spoken Word and the Work of Interpretation,
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Out Front: Conquergood, Dwight (1991), "Rethinking Eethnography: Toward a Critical
Cultural Politics," Communication Monographs, 58 (June), 179-194.
April 20, 1994 Session 14: Interpretation and Representation
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapter 5 & 31
Application: Arnold, Stephen J., and Eileen Fischer (1994), "Hermeneutics and Consumer
Research," Journal of Consumer Research, 21 (June), 55-70.
Background: Becker, Howard S., (1986), Writing for Social Scientists, Chicago: University of
Chicago Press,
A. Kimball, S. C., Weller, and W. H. Batchelder, 1988, "Culture as Consensus:
A Theory of Culture and Information Accuracy," American Anthropologist, 88,
313-338.
Wolcott, Harry F., 1990, Writing Up Qualitative Research, Newbury Park, CA:
Sage Publications.
Out Front: Clifford, James and George E. Marcus, eds. (1986), Writing Culture, Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Fernandez, James W. (1986), Persuasions and Performances: The Play of Tropes
in Culture, Bloomington,: University of Indiana.
Fernandez, James W. ed., (1991), Beyond Metaphor: The Theory of Tropes in
Anthropology, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Out Front: Gordon, Deborah, 1988, "Writing Culture, Writing Feminism: The Poetics and
Politics of Experimental Ethnography," Inscriptions, 3/4, 7-24.
Mascia-Lees, Frances E., Patricia Sharpe, and Colleen Ballerino Cohen, 1989,
"The Postmodernist Turn in Anthropology: Cautions from a Feminist
Perspective," Signs" Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 15 (1), 7-33.
Stacey, Judith, 1988, "Can There Be a Feminist Ethnography," Women's Studies
International Forum, 11 (1), 21-27
Scholte, Bob, 1987, "The Literary Turn in Contemporary Anthropology,"
Critique of Anthropology, 7 (1), 33-47.
April 27, 1994 Session 15: Interpretation and Representation
Required
Readings: Denzin and Lincoln, Chapter 32, 33, 34
Application: Murray, Jeff B. and Julie L. Ozanne (1991), "The Critical Imagination:
Emancipatory Interests in Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research,
18 (September), 129-144.
Background: Wulff, Robert M. and Shirley J. Fiske, 1987, Anthropological Praxis: Translating
Knowledge into Action, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Out Front: Gordon, Deborah, 1988, "Writing Culture, Writing Feminism: The Poetics and
Politics of Experimental Ethnography," Inscriptions, 3/4, 7-24.
Mascia-Lees, Frances E., Patricia Sharpe, and Colleen Ballerino Cohen, 1989,
"The Postmodernist Turn in Anthropology: Cautions from a Feminist
Perspective," Signs" Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 15 (1), 7-33.
Stacey, Judith, 1988, "Can There Be a Feminist Ethnography," Women's Studies
International Forum, 11 (1), 21-27
Scholte, Bob, 1987, "The Literary Turn in Contemporary Anthropology,"
Critique of Anthropology, 7 (1), 33-47.
May 4, 1994 Final Examination
|